線條到網絡 陳澄波與他的書畫收藏

台灣近現代美術史上,陳澄波(1895-1947)絕對是無可忽視的一顆璀璨明星。1924年3月考入東京美術學校圖畫師範科,三年級時(1926年)便以油畫作品《嘉義街外(一)》入選(日本)帝國美術展覽會,成為臺籍畫家中的第一人。

1929-1933年,陳澄波前往上海任教,於此結交了多位當時畫壇名家,彼此之間多有交流互動。1933年回臺灣後,除了組織畫會、推動美術教育,陳澄波也融合了之前的歷練與體悟,盡情地發揮自我風格,留下大量以故鄉嘉義為主軸的畫作。

回顧陳澄波的習藝與創作歷程,1934年他接受《臺灣新民報》訪問時,表示自己「特別喜歡倪雲林與八大山人兩位的作品,倪雲林運用線描使整個畫面生動,八大山人則不用線描,而是表現偉大的擦筆技巧。我近年的作品便受這兩人影響而發生大變化。」

由這段文字可看出,陳澄波雖以西畫聞名於世,但他出身於書香世家(父親陳守愚為前清秀才),其藝術體認啟蒙於自幼接觸的書畫作品,透過審視水墨畫傳統,從中觀察不同畫家處理線條的特色,將之應用在作品之中。意即其油畫作品仍保有著書畫的線條美感,並以此作為處理肌理的手法。而書畫藝術的線條美感,正是來自書法的練習,書法習作紮下的根基,對他一生的繪畫創作,產生了重要影響。除了本身書法學習的體悟外,陳澄波學藝過程中所結交的日、中、台多地的畫壇名家,彼此之間的互動,亦提供了他更多的創作元素與靈感。

在研究陳澄波的美感養成與創作歷程中,其對書畫線條的學習以及人際網絡的交流,是相對隱晦卻也不可忽視的一部分。因此國立歷史博物館本次籌辦的《從線條到網絡-陳澄波書畫收藏展》,擬從「線條」出發,以筆墨精神梳理近現代臺灣美術發展的三條脈絡:本地、中國、日本。以陳澄波家中所藏資料為經,陳澄波的交游為緯,藉由翰墨因緣,呈現陳澄波與三地書畫家的互動。

本館在文化部的指導下,與國立國父紀念館合作,承蒙陳澄波文化基金會、中研院台史所、國立台灣文學館與多位藏家惠允出借111組件的作品。主要以陳澄波生前與同好交流,所受贈的收藏為主;輔以陳澄波的個人作品、及本人與家族成員的書法習作、手稿等,提供其書法養成教育的側面觀察,希望透過解析其個人收藏,讓觀眾對陳澄波先生所處的時代與藝術氛圍,獲得一個新的觀察視角。


In Taiwan's modern art history, Chen Cheng-po (1895-1947) holds a status that should not be overlooked. He got accepted into the Normal Education Division in Painting at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts in 1924. Then, in 1926, his oil painting Street of Chiayi (I) was selected to be displayed at the Imperial Art Exhibition of Japan, making him become the first Taiwanese artist to have an artwork featured in the exhibition.

In 1929, Chen Cheng-po went to Shanghai to teach; he engaged in many interactions with prominent figures in Shanghai's art scene. After returning to Taiwan in 1933, Chen Cheng-po not only established painting societies and promoted local art education, but also expressed his own style to the fullest through integrating his past experiences and realizations. He left behind numerous paintings themed around his hometown, Chiayi.

Although Chen Cheng-po is renowned around the world for his Western paintings, he was born in a scholarly family (his father, Chen Shou-yu, was a scholar in the Qing dynasty), so his artistic understanding was developed at a young age from his exposure to calligraphic paintings. Through examining the traditions of ink wash painting, he observed different artists' unique styles of using lines and incorporated them into his works. This means that the aesthetic of lines in calligraphic art is still encompassed in Chen Cheng-po's paintings, and it is applied as a technique to create texture. His aesthetic of calligraphic lines was accumulated from calligraphy practices; it was a foundation established through calligraphy exercises. It created significant influences on the artworks he created in his lifetime.

When it comes to studying the development of Chen Cheng-po's aesthetic and creative path, his learning of calligraphic lines, and the influences his interpersonal network and interactions had on him, are parts that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the National Museum of History organized From Lines to Network - Chen Cheng-po and His Collection of Painting and Calligraphy . "Lines" are used as a starting point with the spirit of calligraphy to bring together and present the three major threads that run through the development of modern Taiwanese art: the local region, China, and Japan. With Chen Cheng-po's collections symbolizing longitude lines, and his social interactions as latitude lines, calligraphy and paintings are used to convey the interactions Chen Cheng-po had with painters and calligraphers from the three places.

Under the guidance from the Ministry of Culture, the National Museum of History collaborated with Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. Chen Cheng-po Cultural Foundation; Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica; National Museum of Taiwan Literature; and several collectors generously provided a total of 114 artworks to make this exhibition happen. The exhibited items are mainly Chen Cheng-po's collection of works received as gifts from interacting with fellow artists throughout his lifetime. Chen Cheng-po's personal artworks, as well as the calligraphy exercises and manuscripts by him and his family are the supplementary exhibits. This exhibition is different from previous exhibitions of Chen Cheng-po's artworks. The intention of this exhibition is to provide the audience with completely new observations and interpretations of the artistic atmosphere and historical matrices Chen Cheng-po was in through the lenses of his personal collections.